jQuery Form Plugin

Getting Started

API

Options

Examples

Form Fields

FAQ

Download

Overview

The jQuery Form Plugin allows you to easily and unobtrusively upgrade HTML forms to use
AJAX.
The main methods,
ajaxForm and ajaxSubmit,
gather information from the form element to determine how to manage the submit process.
Both of these methods support
numerous options which allows you to have full control over how the data is submitted.

Submitting a form with AJAX doesn't get any easier than this!

Quick Start Guide

1Add a form to your page. Just a normal form, no special markup required:

<form id="myForm" action="comment.php" method="post">
Name: <input type="text" name="name" />
Comment: <textarea name="comment"></textarea>
<input type="submit" value="Submit Comment" />
</form>

2Include jQuery and the Form Plugin external script files and a short script to
initialize the form when the DOM is ready:

<html>
<head>
<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="http://malsup.github.com/jquery.form.js"></script>

<script>
// wait for the DOM to be loaded
$(document).ready(function() {
// bind 'myForm' and provide a simple callback function
$('#myForm').ajaxForm(function() {
alert("Thank you for your comment!");
});
});
</script>
</head>
...

That's it!

When this form is submitted the name and comment fields
will be posted to comment.php. If the server returns
a success status then the user will see a "Thank you" message.

Form Plugin API

The Form Plugin API provides several methods that allow you to easily manage form data and form submission.

ajaxForm

Prepares a form to be submitted via AJAX
by adding all of the necessary event listeners. It does not submit the form.
Use ajaxForm in your document's ready function to
prepare your form(s) for AJAX submission. ajaxForm takes zero or one argument. The single argument
can be either a callback function or an Options Object.

Chainable: Yes.

Note: You can pass any of the standard
$.ajax options to ajaxForm

Example:

$('#myFormId').ajaxForm();

ajaxSubmit

Immediately submits the form via AJAX. In the most common use case this is invoked in response to the user clicking a submit button on the form.
ajaxSubmit takes zero or one argument. The single argument
can be either a callback function or an Options Object.

Chainable: Yes.

Note: You can pass any of the standard
$.ajax options to ajaxSubmit

Example:

// attach handler to form's submit event
$('#myFormId').submit(function() {
// submit the form
$(this).ajaxSubmit();
// return false to prevent normal browser submit and page navigation
return false;
});

formSerialize

Serializes the form into a query string. This method will return a string in the format:
name1=value1&name2=value2

Chainable: No, this method returns a String.

Example:

var queryString = $('#myFormId').formSerialize();

// the data could now be submitted using $.get, $.post, $.ajax, etc
$.post('myscript.php', queryString);

fieldSerialize

Serializes field elements into a query string. This is handy when you need to serialize only
part of a form. This method will return a string in the format:
name1=value1&name2=value2

Chainable: No, this method returns a String.

Example:

var queryString = $('#myFormId .specialFields').fieldSerialize();

fieldValue

Returns the value(s) of the element(s) in the matched set in an array. As of version .91,
this method always returns an array.
If no valid value can be determined the
array will be empty, otherwise it will contain one or more values.

Chainable: No, this method returns an array.

Example:

// get the value of the password input
var value = $('#myFormId :password').fieldValue();
alert('The password is: ' + value[0]);

resetForm

Resets the form to its original state by invoking the form element's native
DOM method.

Chainable: Yes.

Example:

$('#myFormId').resetForm();

clearForm

Clears the form elements. This method emptys all of the text inputs, password inputs and textarea elements, clears
the selection in any select elements, and unchecks all radio and checkbox inputs.

Chainable: Yes.

$('#myFormId').clearForm();

clearFields

Clears field elements. This is handy when you need to clear only a part of the form.

Chainable: Yes.

$('#myFormId .specialFields').clearFields();

ajaxForm and ajaxSubmit Options

Note: Aside from the options listed below, you can also pass any of the standard

$.ajax options to ajaxForm and ajaxSubmit.

Both ajaxForm and ajaxSubmit support
numerous options which can be provided using an Options Object. The Options Object is simply
a JavaScript object that contains properties with values set as follows:

beforeSerialize

Callback function to be invoked before the form is serialized.
This provides an opportunity to manipulate the form before it's values are retrieved.
The beforeSerialize function is invoked with two arguments: the jQuery object for the form,
and the Options Object passed into ajaxForm/ajaxSubmit.

beforeSerialize: function($form, options) {
// return false to cancel submit
}

Default value: null

beforeSubmit

Callback function to be invoked before the form is submitted.
The 'beforeSubmit' callback can be provided as a hook for running pre-submit logic or for
validating the form data. If the 'beforeSubmit' callback returns false then the form will
not be submitted. The 'beforeSubmit' callback is invoked with three arguments: the form data
in array format, the jQuery object for the form, and the Options Object passed into ajaxForm/ajaxSubmit.

beforeSubmit: function(arr, $form, options) {
// The array of form data takes the following form:
// [ { name: 'username', value: 'jresig' }, { name: 'password', value: 'secret' } ]

// return false to cancel submit
}

Default value: null

clearForm

Boolean flag indicating whether the form should be cleared if the submit is successful

Default value: null

data

An object containing extra data that should be submitted along with the form.

data: { key1: 'value1', key2: 'value2' }

dataType

Expected data type of the response. One of: null, 'xml', 'script', or 'json'.
The dataType option provides a means for specifying how the server response should be handled.
This maps directly to the jQuery.httpData method.
The following values are supported:

'xml': if dataType == 'xml' the server response is treated as XML and the 'success'
callback method, if specified, will be passed the responseXML value

'json': if dataType == 'json' the server response will be evaluted and passed to
the 'success' callback, if specified

'script': if dataType == 'script' the server response is evaluated in the global context

Default value: null

error

Callback function to be invoked upon error.

forceSync

Boolean value. Set to true to remove short delay before posting form when uploading files (or using the iframe option).
The delay is used to allow the browser to render DOM updates prior to performing a native form submit. This improves
usability when displaying notifications to the user, such as "Please Wait..."

Default value: false

Added in v2.38

iframe

Boolean flag indicating whether the form should always target the server response to an iframe.
This is useful in conjuction with file uploads. See the File Uploads
documentation on the Code Samples page for more info.

Default value: false

iframeSrc

String value that should be used for the iframe's src attribute when/if an iframe is used.

Default value: about:blank

Default value for pages that use https protocol: javascript:false

iframeTarget

Identifies the iframe element to be used as the response target for file uploads. By default, the plugin
will create a temporary iframe element to capture the response when uploading files. This options allows you
to use an existing iframe if you wish. When using this option the plugin will make no attempt at handling
the response from the server.

Default value: null

Added in v2.76

replaceTarget

Optionally used along with the the target option. Set to true if the
target should be replaced or false if only the target contents should
be replaced.

Default value: false

Added in v2.43

resetForm

Boolean flag indicating whether the form should be reset if the submit is successful

Default value: null

semantic

Boolean flag indicating whether data must be submitted in strict semantic order (slower). Note that the
normal form serialization is done in semantic order with the exception of input elements of type="image".
You should only set the semantic option to true if your server has strict semantic requirements
and your form contains an input element of type="image".

Default value: false

success

Callback function to be invoked after the form has been submitted.
If a 'success' callback function is provided it is invoked after the response has been returned
from the server. It is passed the following arguments:

1.) responseText or responseXML value (depending on the value of the dataType option).

2.) statusText

3.) xhr (or the jQuery-wrapped form element if using jQuery < 1.4)

4.) jQuery-wrapped form element (or undefined if using jQuery < 1.4)

Default value: null

target

Identifies the element(s) in the page to be updated with the server response.
This value may be specified as a jQuery selection string, a jQuery object,
or a DOM element.

Default value: null

type

The method in which the form data should be submitted, 'GET' or 'POST'.

Default value: value of form's method attribute (or 'GET' if none found)

uploadProgress

Callback function to be invoked with upload progress information (if supported by the browser).
The callback is passed the following arguments:

1.) event; the browser event

2.) position (integer)

3.) total (integer)

4.) percentComplete (integer)

Default value: null

url

URL to which the form data will be submitted.

Default value: value of form's action attribute

Example:

// prepare Options Object
var options = {
target: '#divToUpdate',
url: 'comment.php',
success: function() {
alert('Thanks for your comment!');
}
};

// pass options to ajaxForm
$('#myForm').ajaxForm(options);

Note that the Options Object can also be used to pass values to jQuery's
$.ajax method.
If you are familiar with the options supported by $.ajax
you may use them in the Options Object passed to ajaxForm and
ajaxSubmit.

Code Samples

ajaxForm

ajaxSubmit

Validation

JSON

XML

HTML

File Uploads

The following code controls the HTML form beneath it. It uses ajaxForm
to bind the form and demonstrates how to use pre- and post-submit callbacks.

// prepare the form when the DOM is ready
$(document).ready(function() {
var options = {
target: '#output1', // target element(s) to be updated with server response
beforeSubmit: showRequest, // pre-submit callback
success: showResponse // post-submit callback

// other available options:
//url: url // override for form's 'action' attribute
//type: type // 'get' or 'post', override for form's 'method' attribute
//dataType: null // 'xml', 'script', or 'json' (expected server response type)
//clearForm: true // clear all form fields after successful submit
//resetForm: true // reset the form after successful submit

// $.ajax options can be used here too, for example:
//timeout: 3000
};

// bind form using 'ajaxForm'
$('#myForm1').ajaxForm(options);
});

// pre-submit callback
function showRequest(formData, jqForm, options) {
// formData is an array; here we use $.param to convert it to a string to display it
// but the form plugin does this for you automatically when it submits the data
var queryString = $.param(formData);

// jqForm is a jQuery object encapsulating the form element. To access the
// DOM element for the form do this:
// var formElement = jqForm[0];

alert('About to submit: \n\n' + queryString);

// here we could return false to prevent the form from being submitted;
// returning anything other than false will allow the form submit to continue
return true;
}

// post-submit callback
function showResponse(responseText, statusText, xhr, $form) {
// for normal html responses, the first argument to the success callback
// is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseText property

// if the ajaxForm method was passed an Options Object with the dataType
// property set to 'xml' then the first argument to the success callback
// is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseXML property

// if the ajaxForm method was passed an Options Object with the dataType
// property set to 'json' then the first argument to the success callback
// is the json data object returned by the server

alert('status: ' + statusText + '\n\nresponseText: \n' + responseText +
'\n\nThe output div should have already been updated with the responseText.');
}

Name:

Password:

Multiple:

One
Two
Three

Four

Five
Six

Single:

One
Two

Three

Single2:

A
B
C

D
E
F

Check:

Radio:

Text:

This is Form1

submit 5

Output Div (#output1):

AJAX response will replace this content.

The following code controls the HTML form beneath it. It uses ajaxSubmit
to submit the form.

// prepare the form when the DOM is ready
$(document).ready(function() {
var options = {
target: '#output2', // target element(s) to be updated with server response
beforeSubmit: showRequest, // pre-submit callback
success: showResponse // post-submit callback

// other available options:
//url: url // override for form's 'action' attribute
//type: type // 'get' or 'post', override for form's 'method' attribute
//dataType: null // 'xml', 'script', or 'json' (expected server response type)
//clearForm: true // clear all form fields after successful submit
//resetForm: true // reset the form after successful submit

// $.ajax options can be used here too, for example:
//timeout: 3000
};

// bind to the form's submit event
$('#myForm2').submit(function() {
// inside event callbacks 'this' is the DOM element so we first
// wrap it in a jQuery object and then invoke ajaxSubmit
$(this).ajaxSubmit(options);

// !!! Important !!!
// always return false to prevent standard browser submit and page navigation
return false;
});
});

// pre-submit callback
function showRequest(formData, jqForm, options) {
// formData is an array; here we use $.param to convert it to a string to display it
// but the form plugin does this for you automatically when it submits the data
var queryString = $.param(formData);

// jqForm is a jQuery object encapsulating the form element. To access the
// DOM element for the form do this:
// var formElement = jqForm[0];

alert('About to submit: \n\n' + queryString);

// here we could return false to prevent the form from being submitted;
// returning anything other than false will allow the form submit to continue
return true;
}

// post-submit callback
function showResponse(responseText, statusText, xhr, $form) {
// for normal html responses, the first argument to the success callback
// is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseText property

// if the ajaxSubmit method was passed an Options Object with the dataType
// property set to 'xml' then the first argument to the success callback
// is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseXML property

// if the ajaxSubmit method was passed an Options Object with the dataType
// property set to 'json' then the first argument to the success callback
// is the json data object returned by the server

alert('status: ' + statusText + '\n\nresponseText: \n' + responseText +
'\n\nThe output div should have already been updated with the responseText.');
}

Name:

Password:

Multiple:

One

Two
Three

Four
Five
Six

Single:

One
Two
Three

Single2:

A
B
C

D
E
F

Check:

Radio:

Text:

This is Form2

Output Div (#output2):

AJAX response will replace this content.

This page gives several examples of how form data can be validated before it is sent to
the server. The secret is in the beforeSubmit option. If this
pre-submit callback returns false, the submit process is aborted.

The following login form is used for each of the examples that follow. Each example
will validate that both the username and password fields have been filled
in by the user.

Form Markup:

<form id="validationForm" action="dummy.php" method="post">
Username: <input type="text" name="username" />
Password: <input type="password" name="password" />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>

First, we initialize the form and give it a beforeSubmit
callback function - this is the validation function.

// prepare the form when the DOM is ready
$(document).ready(function() {
// bind form using ajaxForm
$('#myForm2').ajaxForm( { beforeSubmit: validate } );
});

Validate Using the formData Argument

Username:
Password:

function validate(formData, jqForm, options) {
// formData is an array of objects representing the name and value of each field
// that will be sent to the server; it takes the following form:
//
// [
// { name: username, value: valueOfUsernameInput },
// { name: password, value: valueOfPasswordInput }
// ]
//
// To validate, we can examine the contents of this array to see if the
// username and password fields have values. If either value evaluates
// to false then we return false from this method.

for (var i=0; i < formData.length; i++) {
if (!formData[i].value) {
alert('Please enter a value for both Username and Password');
return false;
}
}
alert('Both fields contain values.');
}

Validate Using the jqForm Argument

Username:
Password:

function validate(formData, jqForm, options) {
// jqForm is a jQuery object which wraps the form DOM element
//
// To validate, we can access the DOM elements directly and return true
// only if the values of both the username and password fields evaluate
// to true

var form = jqForm[0];
if (!form.username.value || !form.password.value) {
alert('Please enter a value for both Username and Password');
return false;
}
alert('Both fields contain values.');
}

Validate Using the fieldValue Method

Username:
Password:

function validate(formData, jqForm, options) {
// fieldValue is a Form Plugin method that can be invoked to find the
// current value of a field
//
// To validate, we can capture the values of both the username and password
// fields and return true only if both evaluate to true

var usernameValue = $('input[name=username]').fieldValue();
var passwordValue = $('input[name=password]').fieldValue();

// usernameValue and passwordValue are arrays but we can do simple
// "not" tests to see if the arrays are empty
if (!usernameValue[0] || !passwordValue[0]) {
alert('Please enter a value for both Username and Password');
return false;
}
alert('Both fields contain values.');
}

Note

You can find jQuery plugins that deal specifically with field validation
on the jQuery Plugins Page.

This page shows how to handle JSON data returned from the server.

The form below submits a message to the server and the server
echos it back in JSON format.

Form markup:

<form id="jsonForm" action="json-echo.php" method="post">
Message: <input type="text" name="message" value="Hello JSON" />
<input type="submit" value="Echo as JSON" />
</form>

Message:

Server code in json-echo.php:

<?php echo '{ "message": "' . $_POST['message'] . '" }'; ?>

JavaScript:

// prepare the form when the DOM is ready
$(document).ready(function() {
// bind form using ajaxForm
$('#jsonForm').ajaxForm({
// dataType identifies the expected content type of the server response
dataType: 'json',

// success identifies the function to invoke when the server response
// has been received
success: processJson
});
});

Callback function

function processJson(data) {
// 'data' is the json object returned from the server
alert(data.message);
}

This page shows how to handle XML data returned from the server.

The form below submits a message to the server and the server
echos it back in XML format.

Form markup:

<form id="xmlForm" action="xml-echo.php" method="post">
Message: <input type="text" name="message" value="Hello XML" />
<input type="submit" value="Echo as XML" />
</form>

Message:

Server code in xml-echo.php:

<?php
// !!! IMPORTANT !!! - the server must set the content type to XML
header('Content-type: text/xml');
echo '<root><message>' . $_POST['message'] . '</message></root>';
?>

JavaScript:

// prepare the form when the DOM is ready
$(document).ready(function() {
// bind form using ajaxForm
$('#xmlForm').ajaxForm({
// dataType identifies the expected content type of the server response
dataType: 'xml',

// success identifies the function to invoke when the server response
// has been received
success: processXml
});
});

Callback function

function processXml(responseXML) {
// 'responseXML' is the XML document returned by the server; we use
// jQuery to extract the content of the message node from the XML doc
var message = $('message', responseXML).text();
alert(message);
}

This page shows how to handle HTML data returned from the server.

The form below submits a message to the server and the server
echos it back in an HTML div. The response is added to this
page in the htmlExampleTarget div below.

Form markup:

<form id="htmlForm" action="html-echo.php" method="post">
Message: <input type="text" name="message" value="Hello HTML" />
<input type="submit" value="Echo as HTML" />
</form>

Message:

Server code in html-echo.php:

<?php
echo '<div style="background-color:#ffa; padding:20px">' . $_POST['message'] . '</div>';
?>

JavaScript:

// prepare the form when the DOM is ready
$(document).ready(function() {
// bind form using ajaxForm
$('#htmlForm').ajaxForm({
// target identifies the element(s) to update with the server response
target: '#htmlExampleTarget',

// success identifies the function to invoke when the server response
// has been received; here we apply a fade-in effect to the new content
success: function() {
$('#htmlExampleTarget').fadeIn('slow');
}
});
});

htmlExampleTarget (output will be added below):

This page demonstrates the Form Plugin's file upload capabilities. There is no special
coding required to handle file uploads. File input elements are automatically
detected and processed for you.

Browsers that support the XMLHttpRequest Level 2
will be able to upload files seamlessly and even get progress updates as the upload proceeds.
For older browsers, a fallback technology is used which involves iframes since it is

not possible to upload files using the level 1 implmenentation of the XMLHttpRequest object.
This is a common fallback technique, but it has inherent limitations. The iframe element is used as the target
of the form's submit operation which means that the server response is written to the iframe.
This is fine if the response type is HTML or XML, but doesn't work as well if the response type is
script or JSON, both of which often contain characters that need to be repesented using entity
references when found in HTML markup.

To account for the challenges of script and JSON responses when using the iframe mode, the Form Plugin allows these responses
to be embedded in a textarea element and it is recommended that you
do so for these response types when used in conjuction with file uploads and older browsers.

It is important to note that even when the dataType option is set to 'script', and the server is
actually responding with some javascript to a multipart form submission,
the response's Content-Type header should be forced to text/html, otherwise Internet
Explorer will prompt the user to download a "file".

Also note that if there is no file input in the form then the request uses normal
XHR to submit the form (not an iframe). This puts the burden on your server code to know when
to use a textarea and when not to. If you like, you can use the iframe
option of the plugin to force it to always use an iframe mode and then your server can
always embed the response in a textarea. But the recommended solution is to test for the
'X-Requested-With' request header. If the value of that header is 'XMLHttpRequest' then you
know that the form was posted via ajax.

The following PHP snippet shows how you can be sure to return content successfully:

<?php
$xhr = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'] == 'XMLHttpRequest';
if (!$xhr)
echo '<textarea>';
?>

// main content of response here

<?php
if (!$xhr)
echo '</textarea>';
?>

The form below provides an input element of type "file" along with a select element
to specify the dataType of the response. The form is submitted to
files.php which uses the dataType to
determine what type of response to return.

File:
Return Type:
html
json
script
xml

Output:

Examples that show how to display upload progress:

Progress Demo 1

Progress Demo 2

Progress Demo 3

Working With Fields

This page describes and demonstrates the Form Plugin's fieldValue and
fieldSerialize methods.

fieldValue

fieldValue
allows you to retrieve the current value of a field. For example, to retrieve the value of the password
field in a form with the id of 'myForm' you would write:

var pwd = $('#myForm :password').fieldValue()[0];

This method always returns an array. If no valid value can be determined the
array will be empty, otherwise it will contain one or more values.

fieldSerialize

fieldSerialize allows you to serialize a subset of a form into a
query string. This is useful when you need to process only certain fields. For example,
to serialize only the text inputs of a form you would write:

var queryString = $('#myForm :text').fieldSerialize();

Demonstration

Enter a jQuery expression into the textbox below and then click 'Test' to see the results
of the fieldValue and fieldSerialize
methods. These methods are run against the test form that follows.

jQuery expression:

(ie: textarea, [@type='hidden'], :radio, :checkbox, etc)

Successful controls only [1]

Test Form

<input type="hidden" name="Hidden" value="secret" />

<input name="Name" type="text" value="MyName1" />

<input name="Password" type="password" />

<select name="Multiple" multiple="multiple">

One
Two
Three

<select name="Single">

One
Two
Three

<input type="checkbox" name="Check" value="1" />

<input type="checkbox" name="Check" value="2" />

<input type="checkbox" name="Check" value="3" />

<input type="checkbox" name="Check2" value="4" />

<input type="checkbox" name="Check2" value="5" />

<input type="checkbox" name="Check3" />

<input type="radio" name="Radio" value="1" />

<input type="radio" name="Radio" value="2" />

<input type="radio" name="Radio" value="3" />

<input type="radio" name="Radio2" value="4" />

<input type="radio" name="Radio2" value="5" />

<textarea name="Text" rows="2" cols="20"></textarea>

<input type="reset" name="resetButton" value="Reset" />

<input type="submit" name="sub" value="Submit" />

[1] http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/interact/forms.html#successful-controls.

By default, fieldValue and fieldSerialize only function on
'successful controls'. This means that if you run the following code on a checkbox that is not checked, the result will
be an empty array.

// value will be an empty array if checkbox is not checked:
var value = $('#myUncheckedCheckbox').fieldValue();
// value.length == 0

However, if you really want to know the 'value' of the checkbox element, even if it's unchecked, you can
write this:

// value will hold the checkbox value even if it's not checked:
var value = $('#myUncheckedCheckbox').fieldValue(false);
// value.length == 1

Frequently Asked Questions

What versions of jQuery is the Form Plugin compatible with?

The Form Plugin is compatible with jQuery v1.5 and later.

Does the Form Plugin have any dependencies on other plugins?

No.

Is the Form Plugin fast? Does it serialize forms accurately?

Yes! See our comparison page for a look at how the Form Plugin compares to other libraries (including Prototype and dojo).

What is the easiet way to use the Form Plugin?

ajaxForm provides the simplest way to enable your HTML form to use AJAX. It's the one-stop-shopping
method for preparing forms.

What is the difference between ajaxForm and ajaxSubmit?

There are two main differences between these methods:

ajaxSubmit submits the form, ajaxForm does not. When you invoke ajaxSubmit
it immediately serializes the
form data and sends it to the server. When you invoke ajaxForm it adds the necessary event listeners to the form
so that it can detect when the form is submitted by the user. When this occurs ajaxSubmit is called for you.

When using ajaxForm the submitted data will include the name and value of the submitting element (or its click coordinates if the
submitting element is an image).

How can I cancel a form submit?

You can prevent a form from being submitted by adding a 'beforeSubmit' callback
function and returning false from that function. See the Code Samples page
for an example.

Is there a unit test suite for the Form Plugin?

Yes! The Form Plugin has an extensive set of tests that are used to validate its functionality.
Run unit tests.

Does the Form Plugin support file uploads?

Yes!

Why aren't all my input values posted?

jQuery form serialization aheres closely to the HTML spec. Only
successful controls
are valid for submission.

How do I display upload progress information?

Demo

Download

The Official Form Plugin is available here: jquery.form.js or from
the plugin's Github repository.

Minified version: jquery.form.min.js

There are many other useful Form Plugins
available from the jQuery Plugins page.

Support

Support for the Form Plugin is available through the
jQuery Google Group.
This is a very active group to which many jQuery developers and users subscribe.

Contributors

Development of the Form Plugin was a community effort with many people contributing ideas and code.
The following people have made contributions of one kind or another:

John Resig

Mike Alsup

Mark Constable

Klaus Hartl

Matt Grimm

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